Description of the test
A mammogram tests for breast cancer in the breast tissue and areas surrounding the breast. Mammography machines provide X-ray images of the breast. Mammograms are performed in a clinic, hospital, or other facility with the necessary mammography equipment.
Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer diagnosed in Canadian women. It makes up 30% of all cancers diagnosed in women. Nearly half of all breast cancer cases occur in women between the ages of 50 and 69. However, women of all ages need to be aware of how they can prevent and treat breast cancer. Although their risk of breast cancer is lower, men also develop a number of cases of breast cancer each year.
A woman undergoing a mammogram test
How often should this test be performed?
Testing usually begins around the age of 50. All women between the ages of 50 and 69 should have a mammogram every two years. Depending on your family history of breast cancer or other risk factors for breast cancer, your doctor might recommend earlier or more frequent testing.
Why is this test performed?
Breast cancer may lead to serious complications and death if it is not treated. Because the mammogram allows early detection, it is a very important tool in the fight against breast cancer. Detecting breast cancer early on makes early treatment possible and increases the chance of survival.
Are there any risks and precautions I should know about?
The level of radiation used in this test is low; therefore, the risk of damage to cells is also very low. If you are or may be pregnant, tell your doctor or the person performing the test. Mammograms may cause damage to the developing cells of the fetus. If a mammogram is still necessary, a lead shield can be placed over the pelvic area to reduce the exposure to the radiation from the X-rays.
To ensure the most accurate results, try to follow instructions closely. Stay still if the technician asks you to remain motionless. If you move, the image will not be clear.