The Basics
A mammogram is an X-ray of the breast. It is used to screen for or diagnose breast cancer. The X-ray images can identify abnormal changes to breast tissue that cannot be detected by a normal breast exam. The test uses a special X-ray machine designed specifically for taking images of the breast.
Once you reach the age of 40, you should have the test done once a year for as long as you are in good health. Women under 40 may also have this test performed if they have a family history of breast cancer or if they notice any changes in their breasts, such as a lump, change in breast size or shape, breast pain, or nipple discharge. Your doctor will determine if this test is required for you.
Risks and precautions
A mammogram is usually a straightforward and safe procedure. The radiation generated by the X-ray machine is low and it is very unlikely that it will cause harm.
Mammograms are useful for detecting breast cancer in women, and the benefits far outweigh the possible risks.
Before the test
It is important that you fully understand what the test involves beforehand. Ask your doctor to explain the risks, benefits, and drawbacks of the test, and don't be shy to probe further until you are comfortable with your doctor's responses.
The clinic may give you a list of instructions before the test is done. Here are few things to keep in mind:
- Wear shorts, pants, or a skirt because you will be asked to undress from the waist up.
- Avoid using deodorant or other products under your arms or near your breasts because they can interfere with the clarity of the X-ray image.
- Inform the clinic if you have had breast implants.
- Try not to schedule a mammogram when you are having your period. Your breasts are likely to be more tender and swollen during this time.
If you are taking any prescription or over-the-counter (non-prescription) medications, supplements, or herbal products, make sure you inform your doctor or pharmacist. Ask them whether it is necessary for you to stop taking any of these medications and products before the test. It is also important to tell them if you have allergies to certain medications or have certain medical conditions.